W3 Consortium in Geneva. (knowing more about the W3C and more at the Wikipedia ). The W3C if offering some tutorials to learn how to use HTML. See for beginners: Getting started with HTML by Dave Raggett which is a short introduction to writing HTML, and also a tutorial on advanced features.
HyperText Markup Language (HTML/XHTML) Home Page which offer the W3C's home page for the HTML/XHTML 2 Activity. Here you will find pointers to specifications for HTML guidelines; information on how to use HTML to the best effect, and pointers to related work at W3C. See also the W3C HTML working group . (updated in 2010)
Definitions in the field of computer sciences. Try FOLDOC , (computing dictionary) at the Imperial College Department of Computing, London UK or the Wepopedia , (online dictionary and search engine for computer and Internet technology definitions) or the Wikipedia for HTML and many other technical terms. Terms could be used also within generic search engines like Google or Bing , etc..
Basic standard elements of a web page:
HTML is [still today] the lingua franca for publishing hypertext on the World Wide Web. It is a non-proprietary format based upon SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) , and can be created and processed by a wide range of tools, from simple plain text editors - you type it in from scratch- to sophisticated WYSIWYG authoring tools. HTML uses tags to structure text into headings, paragraphs, lists, hypertext links etc. (HTML 4.01 specification in 1999 and 2011 HTML5 specifications .)
A short history of the web standards developments from 1990 (HTML) to nowadays . From 1998-2002, the W3C have developped a new markup language called XHTML : The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, now XML: "XHTML 1.0 is a reformulation of HTML 4.01 in XML, and combines the strength of HTML 4 with the power of XML . XHTML 1.0 is the first major change to HTML since HTML 4.0 was released in 1997.... You can roll over your old HTML documents into XHTML [with HTML Tidy Software , a new version of the old] Open Source HTML Tidy utility . This tool also cleans up markup errors, removes clutter and prettifies the markup making it easier to maintain...". Click here to download. Differences between HTML and XHTML ("Due to the fact that XHTML is an XML application, certain practices that were perfectly legal in SGML-based HTML 4 [HTML4 ] must be changed")
In 2010-2011, HTML is becoming a renewed web standard able to manage API's (Application Program Interface) for the web and the W3C is developping HTML5 , the first new version of the standard since HTML 4.0 in 1998 ! "In 2003, the publication of XForms, a technology which was positioned as the next generation of Web forms, sparked a renewed interest in evolving HTML itself, rather than finding replacements for it. This interest was borne from the realization that XML's deployment as a Web technology was limited to entirely new technologies (like RSS and later Atom), rather than as a replacement for existing deployed technologies (like HTML)." (Full text here )
What is the lesson of this history of the technical development of the language used for the WWW ? That today, it is still important to understand how a basic HTML page is constructed in order to be able to develop easily one's own simple web page. Not always web CMS (Web Content Management Systems ) are a immediate solution for the creation of a web page and this even if the definition of CMS in Wikipedia is "a software system which provides website authoring and administration tools designed to allow users with little knowledge of web programming languages or markup languages to create and manage the site's content with relative ease".
URI "Uniform Resource Identifiers"
From W3C definition: "The Web is an information space. Human beings have a lot of mental machinery for manipulating, imagining, and finding their way in spaces. URIs are the points in that space. Unlike web data formats, where HTML is an important one, but not the only one, and web protocols, where HTTP has a similar status, there is only one Web naming/addressing technology: URIs. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs, aka URLs) are short strings that identify resources in the web: documents, images, downloadable files, services, electronic mailboxes, and other resources. They make resources available under a variety of naming schemes and access methods such as HTTP, FTP, and Internet mail addressable in the same simple way. They reduce the tedium of "log in to this server, then issue this magic command ..." down to a single click. It is an extensible technology: there are a number of existing addressing schemes, and more may be incorporated over time."
Browsers
The Browsers allow us to reproduce on the computer screen the content of a web page.
Most used browsers:
None HTML editing software's are today offered by the EUI Computing Service. See " standard software " list
The EUI is using a web CMS (Content Management System) called Contensis with very strict editing rules for web authors.
Using an HTML editor is possible to construct your own EUI web page ! You have only to take care of the few -but important- EUI rules about the page design, content and weight.
(Some of the following links are only available in the EUI Intranet) A "writing for the web " PDF course is available from the EUI Web Unit. It helps to organize web information and pages.
The EUI Web Unit recently offered "new tools" for elaborating web projects see "about the web site "
An EUI Web Unit policy for Personal Page at the EUI is also available (November 2011 ).
See the following statements:
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All personal homepages must as a minimum contain the EUI logo and name, in the left upper corner, functioning as a link to the Institute homepage.
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The EUI name and logo must not be altered or used in part.
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Templates are provided for easy use, but usage is not mandatory.
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You find instructions on how to set up your personal homepage as well as templates here.
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EUI instructions: How to Create a Personal Homepage for Researchers, Fellows and Staff
What is the Europass Curriculum Vitae (CV) ? "Anyone who wants to use Europass can start by completing the Europass CV. The Europass CV enables you to make your skills and qualifications visible, and other Europass documents can be attached to the CV.
The CV was developed to give a comprehensive standardised overview of education attainments and work experience of an individual (Leonardo Da Vinci European Programme as part of the European Commission's Lifelong Learning Programme .
This specific CV should provide information about: language competences; work experience; education and training background; but also about additional skills and competences acquired outside formal training schemes.
Five basic principles for a good CV following Europass:
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Concentrate on the essentials: a CV must be brief: in most cases one to two pages are sufficient. In any event, do not exceed three pages.
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Be clear and concise Use short sentences - Concentrate on the relevant aspects of your training and work experience - Explain any breaks in your studies or career.
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Adapt your CV to suit the post you are applying for: Before sending your CV to an employer, check that it corresponds to the profile required. Do not include work experience or training which is not relevant to the application. Highlight your advantages according to the specific needs of the prospective employer. Beware: do not artificially inflate your CV; if you do, you are likely to be found out at interview.
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Take care over the presentation of your CV : Set out your skills and competences clearly and logically, so that your advantages stand out. Pay attention to details such as spelling and punctuation.
NB: Print your CV on white paper. Retain the suggested font and layout
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Check your CV once you have filled it in Remove any spelling mistakes, and ensure it is laid out clearly and logically. Have someone else re-read your CV so that you are sure the content is clear and easy to understand.
Using the Europass CV, You have three options:
The CV should promote mobility of individuals by making qualifications visible and by making learning visible together with a Europass Language Passport which should evaluate your language skills.
Using the Europass Language Passport, you have three options:
If you followed this lesson until now..., you may have succeeded to gather some useful information... :-) So this last part of the lesson is for you to play with !