Farquhar, R. H. (2002), 'The Changing Academic Workplace', paper presented at the Annual Salzburg Seminar Universities Project Symposium

Three aspects of academic career orientation have changed as a result of forces within and external to universities, and these changes have fundamentally altered the nature of the workplace for faculty members, resulting in serious challenges for the leadership of institutions.

The changes occurred in: (1) the understanding professors have of their universities' purposes; (2) professors' identification with their employing institutions; and (3) faculty motivation to engage vocationally in academic work.

In many institutions these changes have been recognized clearly, and there is a full awareness of the dangers inherent in them. In some institutions, these challenges have resulted in successful transformation, in institutional revitalization that may have been overdue anyway.